New York’s varied geography, including the Adirondacks and the Finger Lakes region, supports a specific set of grasshopper populations. Understanding the types of grasshoppers in New York helps you identify these insects in your backyard, on a hike, or during a summer picnic. This guide covers the most common species, their habitats, and key identification tips.
Types Of Grasshoppers In New York
Grasshoppers belong to the order Orthoptera, which also includes crickets and katydids. In New York, you’ll find over 100 species, but only a few are commonly encountered. These insects play important roles in the ecosystem as both herbivores and prey for birds, reptiles, and small mammals.
Common Field Grasshopper
The Common Field Grasshopper (Chorthippus brunneus) is one of the most widespread species in the state. You’ll see it in grassy fields, roadsides, and gardens across all regions of New York.
- Appearance: Brown or grayish with dark markings on the wings
- Size: 15–25 mm long
- Sound: Produces a short, buzzing song during warm days
- Habitat: Open, sunny areas with short vegetation
These grasshoppers are active from late spring through early fall. They feed on grasses and low-growing plants. You might notice them jumping away as you walk through a meadow.
Red-Legged Grasshopper
The Red-Legged Grasshopper (Melanoplus femurrubrum) gets its name from the bright red or orange color on its hind legs. It’s very common in New York, especially in agricultural areas and suburban yards.
- Appearance: Brown or olive body with red hind tibiae
- Size: 20–30 mm long
- Sound: Soft, buzzing calls during the day
- Habitat: Fields, pastures, and gardens
This species can become a pest in large numbers, feeding on crops like alfalfa and corn. However, it also provides food for birds and other predators. You’ll often see them basking on rocks or fence posts.
Differential Grasshopper
The Differential Grasshopper (Melanoplus differentialis) is one of the largest species in New York. It’s easily recognized by its size and distinctive markings.
- Appearance: Yellowish-brown with black chevron patterns on the hind legs
- Size: 30–45 mm long
- Sound: Loud, crackling calls
- Habitat: Moist meadows, riverbanks, and crop fields
These grasshoppers prefer areas with tall grasses and forbs. They can be destructive to gardens and farms when populations spike. You’ll find them more commonly in the western part of the state.
Two-Striped Grasshopper
The Two-Striped Grasshopper (Melanoplus bivittatus) has two distinct pale stripes running down its back. It’s a large, robust species found throughout New York.
- Appearance: Green or brown body with two yellow or white stripes from head to wing tips
- Size: 25–40 mm long
- Sound: Sharp, clicking calls
- Habitat: Roadsides, fields, and forest edges
This grasshopper is active from June to October. It feeds on a variety of plants, including grasses, clover, and dandelions. Look for it in sunny spots with dense vegetation.
Carolina Grasshopper
The Carolina Grasshopper (Dissosteira carolina) is a large, brown species that mimics dead leaves. It’s common in New York’s sandy areas and open fields.
- Appearance: Brown or tan with dark spots on the wings; black hind wings with pale edges
- Size: 30–50 mm long
- Sound: Loud, crackling flight sound
- Habitat: Sandy soils, gravel pits, and dry fields
When disturbed, this grasshopper flies with a distinctive clicking noise. Its camouflage makes it hard to spot on bare ground. You’ll find it more often in the eastern and central parts of the state.
Migratory Grasshopper
The Migratory Grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) is known for its ability to form swarms, though this is rare in New York. It’s a medium-sized species with a wide range.
- Appearance: Brown or gray with a pale stripe on the pronotum
- Size: 20–30 mm long
- Sound: Soft, buzzing calls
- Habitat: Grasslands, crop fields, and disturbed areas
This species can travel long distances in search of food. In New York, it’s more common in the southern counties. It feeds on grasses and cereal crops.
Clear-Winged Grasshopper
The Clear-Winged Grasshopper (Camnula pellucida) has transparent wings with dark veins. It’s a small species found in dry, rocky habitats.
- Appearance: Brown or yellow with clear wings
- Size: 15–20 mm long
- Sound: High-pitched, buzzing calls
- Habitat: Rocky slopes, dry meadows, and alpine areas
This grasshopper is common in the Adirondacks and Catskills. It prefers sparse vegetation and open terrain. You might see it sunning itself on rocks during warm afternoons.
Spotted Grasshopper
The Spotted Grasshopper (Arphia conspersa) has dark spots on its wings and body. It’s a medium-sized species that lives in grassy areas.
- Appearance: Brown or gray with black spots; bright yellow or orange hind wings
- Size: 20–30 mm long
- Sound: Loud, crackling calls during flight
- Habitat: Prairies, meadows, and roadsides
This species is more common in the western part of New York. It’s active from late spring to early fall. Look for it in areas with native grasses.
Green-Striped Grasshopper
The Green-Striped Grasshopper (Chortophaga viridifasciata) has a bright green body with a yellow stripe. It’s a small, colorful species found in moist habitats.
- Appearance: Green body with a yellow or white stripe on the back
- Size: 15–25 mm long
- Sound: Soft, buzzing calls
- Habitat: Wet meadows, marshes, and stream banks
This grasshopper prefers damp areas with lush vegetation. It’s common in the Finger Lakes region and along the Hudson River. You’ll see it from May through September.
How To Identify Grasshoppers In New York
Identifying grasshoppers can be tricky because many species look similar. Here are key features to look for:
- Body color: Note the main color and any stripes or spots
- Leg color: Check the hind legs for red, yellow, or black markings
- Wing pattern: Look at the wings when open or in flight
- Size: Measure the body length (excluding antennae)
- Sound: Listen for calls during warm weather
Use a field guide or app for more detailed identification. Photographs help you compare later. Remember that young grasshoppers (nymphs) look different from adults.
Grasshopper Habitats In New York
Different species prefer different habitats. Here’s where to find them:
- Fields and meadows: Common Field, Red-Legged, and Two-Striped grasshoppers
- Agricultural areas: Differential and Migratory grasshoppers
- Sandy or rocky areas: Carolina and Clear-Winged grasshoppers
- Wet areas: Green-Striped grasshopper
- Forest edges: Two-Striped and Spotted grasshoppers
Grasshoppers are most active on sunny days between 10 AM and 4 PM. They hide in vegetation during cool or cloudy weather. Look for them on bare ground, rocks, or low plants.
Seasonal Activity
Grasshoppers in New York have a clear seasonal pattern:
- Spring (April–May): Nymphs hatch from eggs laid the previous year
- Summer (June–August): Adults are most active and visible
- Fall (September–October): Adults mate and lay eggs before dying
- Winter: Eggs survive in the soil until spring
Some species, like the Green-Striped grasshopper, appear earlier in spring. Others, like the Differential grasshopper, peak in late summer. You’ll see the most diversity in July and August.
Common Misidentifications
People often confuse grasshoppers with crickets and katydids. Here’s how to tell them apart:
- Grasshoppers: Short antennae, stout body, active during day
- Crickets: Long antennae, slender body, active at night
- Katydids: Very long antennae, leaf-like wings, active at night
Within grasshoppers, look for leg color and wing patterns. The Red-Legged grasshopper is often mistaken for the Differential grasshopper. Check for the chevron pattern on the hind legs to tell them apart.
Grasshopper Control In Gardens
If grasshoppers become a problem in your garden, try these methods:
- Hand-picking: Remove grasshoppers early in the morning when they’re slow
- Row covers: Protect young plants with floating row covers
- Natural predators: Attract birds, spiders, and praying mantises
- Diatomaceous earth: Sprinkle around plants to deter them
- Insecticidal soap: Use on nymphs for control
Avoid broad-spectrum insecticides that harm beneficial insects. Focus on prevention and natural methods. Healthy plants can tolerate some grasshopper feeding.
Interesting Facts About New York Grasshoppers
Grasshoppers have fascinating behaviors and adaptations:
- They can jump up to 20 times their body length
- Some species change color based on temperature or humidity
- Males produce sounds by rubbing their wings or legs together
- Females lay eggs in the soil using a special organ called an ovipositor
- Grasshoppers have been around for over 250 million years
In New York, grasshoppers are an important food source for many animals. Birds like bluebirds and sparrows eat them. Small mammals like shrews and mice also feed on them.
Conservation Status
Most grasshopper species in New York are common and not threatened. However, habitat loss affects some species. The Pine Barrens grasshopper (Melanoplus puer) is a rare species found only in a few locations in the state.
You can help by preserving native grasslands and avoiding pesticide use. Creating pollinator-friendly gardens also supports grasshopper populations.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the most common grasshoppers in New York?
The most common species include the Common Field grasshopper, Red-Legged grasshopper, and Two-Striped grasshopper. These are found across the state in various habitats.
Are grasshoppers harmful to gardens in New York?
Some species, like the Differential and Migratory grasshoppers, can damage gardens when populations are high. However, most grasshoppers cause minimal harm and are part of a healthy ecosystem.
How can I tell a grasshopper from a cricket?
Grasshoppers have short antennae and are active during the day. Crickets have long antennae and are active at night. Grasshoppers also have a stouter body shape.
Do grasshoppers bite or sting?
Grasshoppers do not sting. They may bite if handled roughly, but their bite is harmless and rare. They are not dangerous to humans.
When is the best time to see grasshoppers in New York?
The best time is from late June through September, especially on warm, sunny days. You’ll find them most active in the afternoon.
Understanding the types of grasshoppers in New York helps you appreciate these common insects. Whether you’re a gardener, hiker, or nature enthusiast, knowing what to look for makes your time outdoors more enjoyable. Next time you see a grasshopper, take a moment to observe its colors, size, and behavior. You might just spot one of the many fascinating species that call New York home.