Starting cilantro from seed requires a careful approach to soil temperature and consistent moisture. If you want to know how to grow cilantro from seed successfully, you need to mimic the plant’s natural cool-season preferences. Cilantro bolts quickly in heat, so timing and location matter.
This guide walks you through every step, from seed selection to harvest. You will learn how to avoid common mistakes like leggy seedlings or premature flowering.
Why Grow Cilantro From Seed?
Cilantro transplants poorly because of its delicate taproot. Seeds sown directly in the garden or container grow stronger plants. Starting from seed also gives you access to many varieties, not just what nurseries stock.
You save money too. A single packet of seeds costs less than a potted plant and produces multiple harvests.
Best Time To Plant Cilantro Seeds
Cilantro thrives in cool weather. Plant seeds in early spring after the last frost date, or in late summer for a fall harvest. Soil temperature should be between 55°F and 68°F (13°C–20°C).
If soil gets above 75°F, germination drops and plants bolt fast. In warm climates, grow cilantro in partial shade or during cooler months.
Seasonal Planting Guide
- Spring: Sow 2–3 weeks before last frost
- Summer: Only in cool coastal areas or with shade cloth
- Fall: Plant 6–8 weeks before first frost
- Winter: In mild climates (zones 9–11), grow as a winter crop
How To Grow Cilantro From Seed: Step-By-Step
Follow these steps for strong, slow-to-bolt cilantro plants. The key is consistent moisture and not disturbing the roots.
Step 1: Choose Your Seeds
Buy fresh seeds from a reputable supplier. Cilantro seeds are actually the dried fruits of the plant, often called coriander seeds. Whole seeds germinate better than crushed ones.
Consider slow-bolt varieties like ‘Santo’, ‘Calypso’, or ‘Leisure’. These resist bolting longer in warm weather.
Step 2: Prepare The Soil
Cilantro prefers well-draining soil rich in organic matter. Work in compost or aged manure before planting. Soil pH should be between 6.2 and 6.8.
For containers, use a high-quality potting mix. Add perlite or sand to improve drainage if needed.
Step 3: Sow The Seeds
Sow seeds ¼ inch deep. Space them 1–2 inches apart in rows 6–8 inches apart. You can also scatter seeds in a patch and thin later.
Water gently after planting. Keep soil moist but not waterlogged.
Step 4: Provide Proper Light
Cilantro needs 4–6 hours of direct sun daily. In hot climates, afternoon shade prevents bolting. Indoors, use a grow light 2–3 inches above seedlings for 12–14 hours per day.
Step 5: Water Consistently
Keep soil evenly moist. Cilantro dries out quickly in containers. Check daily and water when the top inch feels dry. Use a spray bottle for gentle watering.
Inconsistent watering causes bitter leaves and early bolting.
Step 6: Thin Seedlings
When seedlings have 2–3 true leaves, thin them to 4–6 inches apart. Use scissors to snip extras at soil level instead of pulling, which disturbs roots.
Thinning improves air circulation and leaf production.
Step 7: Fertilize Lightly
Cilantro is a light feeder. Apply a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength every 2–3 weeks. Too much nitrogen causes lush leaves but less flavor.
For soil-grown plants, side-dress with compost once during the growing season.
Common Problems And Solutions
Even with careful planting, issues arise. Here are fixes for typical cilantro growing problems.
Bolting Too Early
Bolting means the plant flowers and sets seed, ending leaf production. Causes include heat, long days, and stress. To delay bolting:
- Plant in partial shade
- Mulch around roots to cool soil
- Harvest leaves frequently
- Choose slow-bolt varieties
Leggy Seedlings
Leggy seedlings have long, weak stems. This happens from insufficient light or overcrowding. Move seedlings closer to light or use a stronger grow light. Thin promptly.
Yellow Leaves
Yellow leaves often mean overwatering or nutrient deficiency. Let soil dry slightly between waterings. If problem persists, add a balanced fertilizer.
Pests
Aphids and spider mites sometimes attack cilantro. Spray with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Encourage beneficial insects like ladybugs.
Slugs and snails eat young seedlings. Use copper tape or diatomaceous earth around plants.
Harvesting Cilantro Leaves
Start harvesting when plants are 4–6 inches tall, about 3–4 weeks after sowing. Pick outer leaves first, leaving the inner rosette to grow.
Use sharp scissors to cut stems near soil level. Never pull leaves, as this can uproot the plant.
Regular harvesting delays bolting. Remove flower buds as soon as they appear to extend leaf production.
How To Store Fresh Cilantro
Fresh cilantro lasts only a few days. Store stems in a glass of water with a plastic bag over the leaves, refrigerated. Change water every 2 days.
Alternatively, wrap dry leaves in a paper towel inside a plastic bag. Use within 5 days.
Saving Cilantro Seeds
Let some plants bolt and flower. After flowers fade, green seeds form. Wait until seeds turn brown and dry on the plant.
Cut seed heads into a paper bag. Crush gently to release seeds. Store in a cool, dark place for up to 2 years.
These seeds are coriander for cooking or for planting next season.
Growing Cilantro Indoors
You can grow cilantro indoors year-round. Use a container at least 6 inches deep with drainage holes. Place in a sunny south-facing window or under grow lights.
Indoor plants need consistent moisture and good air circulation. Harvest leaves regularly to keep plants compact.
Indoor cilantro often bolts faster than outdoor plants due to lower light. Rotate pots weekly for even growth.
Container Growing Tips
Cilantro grows well in pots. Choose a container 8–12 inches wide and at least 8 inches deep. Use potting mix, not garden soil.
Water more frequently in containers, especially in hot weather. Apply a slow-release fertilizer at planting time.
Move containers to shade during heat waves to prevent bolting.
Companion Planting With Cilantro
Cilantro benefits many garden plants. Its flowers attract beneficial insects like hoverflies and parasitic wasps. Plant near tomatoes, peppers, and spinach.
Avoid planting near fennel, which inhibits cilantro growth. Also keep away from lavender and rosemary, which prefer drier conditions.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Long Does It Take For Cilantro To Grow From Seed?
Cilantro seeds germinate in 7–14 days. Leaves are ready to harvest in 3–4 weeks. Full maturity for seed production takes 45–60 days.
Can I Grow Cilantro From Grocery Store Seeds?
Yes, whole coriander seeds from the spice aisle can grow. Germination rates may be lower than fresh seed packets. Soak seeds overnight first.
Why Are My Cilantro Seeds Not Sprouting?
Common reasons include soil too warm (above 75°F), seeds too deep, or soil drying out. Keep soil moist and at 55–68°F. Pre-soak seeds for faster germination.
Should I Soak Cilantro Seeds Before Planting?
Soaking seeds for 12–24 hours softens the seed coat and speeds germination. Not required, but helpful for older seeds or in cool soil.
How Do I Keep Cilantro From Bolting?
Plant in cool weather, provide partial shade, harvest regularly, and choose slow-bolt varieties. Remove flower buds immediately. Mulch to keep roots cool.
Final Tips For Success
Cilantro is a short-lived plant, but with proper care you can enjoy leaves for weeks. Sow seeds every 2–3 weeks for a continuous supply.
Remember that cilantro loves cool weather. If summer heat arrives, let some plants go to seed and collect coriander. The plant self-seeds readily in many gardens.
Dont be afraid to experiment with different varieties. Some have larger leaves, others are more bolt-resistant. Each has unique flavor nuances.
Growing cilantro from seed is rewarding. You get fresh herbs for salsas, curries, and salads. With the steps above, you will have a steady harvest all season.
Start with good seeds, plant at the right time, and keep soil moist. Your cilantro patch will thrive.