Oklahoma’s unpredictable spring weather means jicama needs warm soil, so timing your planting after the last frost is essential. The best time to plant jicama in oklahoma is typically from mid-May to early June, once the soil temperature has consistently reached 65°F or warmer. Jicama is a tropical plant that thrives in heat, so getting the timing right is the key to a successful harvest in the Sooner State.
Jicama, also known as Mexican turnip or yam bean, is a root vegetable that requires a long, warm growing season. In Oklahoma, where summers can be scorching but springs are often cool and wet, planting too early can stunt growth or kill the plant. This guide will walk you through everything you need to know about planting jicama in Oklahoma, from soil preparation to harvest timing.
Best Time To Plant Jicama In Oklahoma
The ideal window for planting jicama in Oklahoma is between May 15 and June 10. This period ensures that the soil has warmed up sufficiently and the risk of frost has passed. Jicama seeds need soil temperatures of at least 65°F to germinate, and they prefer 70°F to 85°F for optimal growth.
Oklahoma’s last frost date varies by region. In the northern parts, like Enid or Ponca City, the last frost often occurs in late April. In southern areas, such as Ardmore or Durant, it may be mid-April. However, a late cold snap can happen even in May, so it’s safer to wait until mid-May.
Soil Temperature Is Critical
Jicama is sensitive to cold soil. If you plant when the soil is below 60°F, the seeds may rot or fail to germinate. Use a soil thermometer to check the temperature at a depth of 2 inches. Wait until it reads at least 65°F for three consecutive days.
You can warm the soil faster by using black plastic mulch or row covers. This is especially helpful in Oklahoma’s variable spring weather, where a warm week can be followed by a cool one.
Regional Variations In Oklahoma
Oklahoma has diverse climates. The panhandle region, including Guymon and Boise City, is cooler and drier, so you may need to plant closer to June 1. Central Oklahoma, around Oklahoma City and Norman, has a more moderate climate, making mid-May ideal. Eastern Oklahoma, near Tulsa and Muskogee, is warmer and more humid, so you can plant as early as May 10 if the soil is warm.
Check your local extension office for specific frost dates. The Oklahoma State University Extension provides county-specific guides that are very helpful.
How To Prepare Soil For Jicama
Jicama grows best in loose, well-draining soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5. Oklahoma’s soil can be heavy clay or sandy, so amending it is important. Here’s how to prepare:
- Test your soil pH. Add lime if it’s too acidic (below 6.0) or sulfur if it’s too alkaline (above 7.5).
- Loosen the soil to a depth of 12 inches. Remove rocks and debris.
- Mix in 2 to 3 inches of compost or well-rotted manure. This improves drainage and adds nutrients.
- Jicama is a legume, so it fixes nitrogen in the soil. Avoid high-nitrogen fertilizers, which encourage leaf growth at the expense of roots.
Choosing The Right Location
Jicama needs full sun, at least 6 to 8 hours per day. In Oklahoma’s hot summers, some afternoon shade can help prevent stress, but too much shade reduces yield. Choose a spot that gets morning sun and some afternoon shade if possible.
Jicama is a vining plant that can spread 6 to 10 feet. Provide a trellis or support for the vines. This keeps the fruit off the ground and improves air circulation, reducing disease risk.
Step-By-Step Planting Guide
Follow these steps for the best results:
- Soak seeds overnight. Jicama seeds have a hard coat. Soaking them in warm water for 12 to 24 hours speeds up germination.
- Plant seeds 1 inch deep. Space them 6 to 8 inches apart in rows that are 3 feet apart. If you’re using a trellis, space plants 12 inches apart.
- Water gently after planting. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Germination takes 7 to 14 days.
- Thin seedlings. Once they have two true leaves, thin to one plant every 12 inches. This gives each plant room to develop a large root.
- Mulch around plants. Use straw or shredded leaves to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Oklahoma’s summers can be dry, so mulch is essential.
When To Plant Jicama Seeds Indoors
If you want a head start, you can start jicama seeds indoors 4 to 6 weeks before the last frost. Use biodegradable pots to avoid root disturbance. Transplant outdoors when the soil is warm, usually in late May.
Indoor starting is helpful in northern Oklahoma, where the growing season is shorter. However, jicama transplants can be sensitive, so handle them carefully.
Caring For Jicama During The Growing Season
Jicama is relatively low-maintenance once established, but it does need consistent care. Here are the key tasks:
- Water regularly. Jicama needs about 1 inch of water per week. In Oklahoma’s hot summers, you may need to water more frequently, especially during dry spells. Drip irrigation is ideal to keep foliage dry.
- Fertilize sparingly. Use a balanced fertilizer (10-10-10) once a month, but only until the vines start flowering. After that, stop fertilizing to encourage root growth.
- Control weeds. Weeds compete for water and nutrients. Mulch helps, but hand-pull weeds near the base of the plants.
- Watch for pests. Jicama can attract aphids, spider mites, and whiteflies. Use insecticidal soap or neem oil if needed. In Oklahoma, deer and rabbits may also nibble on the vines, so consider fencing.
Pruning And Trellising
Jicama vines can become unruly. Prune them back if they get too long, but leave enough leaves for photosynthesis. Trellising makes harvesting easier and improves air flow.
You can also pinch off the flowers. Jicama produces pods that are toxic if eaten, and removing flowers directs energy to the roots. However, if you want to save seeds, let a few pods mature.
Harvesting Jicama In Oklahoma
Jicama takes 150 to 180 days to mature. In Oklahoma, this means harvesting from late September to early November, before the first frost. The roots are ready when they are 4 to 6 inches in diameter and the vines start to yellow.
To harvest, loosen the soil around the root with a garden fork, then pull it up. Be careful not to damage the skin, as jicama stores best with intact skin. Brush off excess soil, but don’t wash it until you’re ready to eat it.
Storing Jicama
Jicama stores well in a cool, dark place. Keep it in the refrigerator for up to 2 weeks, or in a root cellar for several months. Do not store it near apples or bananas, as ethylene gas can cause spoilage.
If you have a large harvest, you can also freeze jicama. Peel and cut it into sticks, blanch for 2 minutes, then freeze in airtight bags. It will keep for 6 to 8 months.
Common Problems And Solutions
Even with careful planning, issues can arise. Here are some common problems Oklahoma gardeners face with jicama:
- Poor germination. This is usually due to cold soil. Wait until the soil is consistently warm, or use a heat mat for indoor starts.
- Stunted growth. This can be caused by compacted soil or lack of nutrients. Loosen the soil and add compost before planting.
- Root rot. Overwatering or heavy clay soil can cause roots to rot. Improve drainage and water only when the top inch of soil is dry.
- Pest infestations. Aphids and spider mites are common. Spray with water or use insecticidal soap. Ladybugs are natural predators.
Dealing With Oklahoma’s Weather Extremes
Oklahoma is known for its severe weather, including hailstorms, tornadoes, and heatwaves. If a hailstorm damages your jicama vines, prune the damaged leaves and water well to encourage recovery. During heatwaves, provide shade cloth to prevent sunscald.
If an early frost is predicted, cover your jicama plants with row covers or blankets overnight. Remove them during the day to allow pollination. Jicama is not frost-tolerant, so protection is crucial.
Companion Planting For Jicama
Jicama grows well with other warm-season crops. Good companions include:
- Corn: Provides partial shade and a natural trellis.
- Beans: Fix nitrogen in the soil, benefiting jicama.
- Marigolds: Repel pests like nematodes.
Avoid planting jicama near potatoes or tomatoes, as they can share diseases. Also, keep it away from fennel, which inhibits growth.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I plant jicama in Oklahoma in July?
No, July is too late. Jicama needs a long growing season, and planting in July would not give it enough time to mature before the first frost. Stick to mid-May to early June.
What is the best time to plant jicama in Oklahoma for a fall harvest?
The best time to plant jicama in Oklahoma for a fall harvest is the same as the spring window: mid-May to early June. Jicama takes 5 to 6 months to mature, so planting in spring ensures a fall harvest.
Does jicama need full sun in Oklahoma?
Yes, jicama needs full sun for at least 6 hours a day. In Oklahoma’s hot summers, some afternoon shade can help, but too much shade reduces yield.
How do I know when jicama is ready to harvest?
Jicama is ready when the roots are 4 to 6 inches in diameter and the vines begin to yellow. This usually happens 150 to 180 days after planting. You can also gently dig around the base to check the size.
Can I grow jicama in containers in Oklahoma?
Yes, but choose a large container, at least 5 gallons, with good drainage. Use a trellis for the vines. Container-grown jicama may need more frequent watering, especially in Oklahoma’s heat.
Final Tips For Success
Planting jicama in Oklahoma requires patience and attention to detail. Start with high-quality seeds from a reputable supplier. Monitor soil temperature closely, and don’t rush the planting date. Once the plants are established, they are fairly drought-tolerant but will produce better with consistent moisture.
If you have a short growing season, consider using black plastic mulch to warm the soil and row covers to extend the season in the fall. Jicama is a rewarding crop that stores well, so you can enjoy it long after the growing season ends.
Remember that jicama is a tropical plant, so it thrives in heat. Oklahoma’s summers are perfect for it, as long as you give it enough time to mature. With the right timing and care, you’ll have a bountiful harvest of crisp, sweet jicama roots.
One more thing: jicama leaves and pods are toxic to humans and animals. Keep them away from pets and children. Only the root is edible. Harvest the roots before the first frost, and store them properly for the best flavor.
By following this guide, you’ll know exactly when and how to plant jicama in Oklahoma. The key is to wait for warm soil, provide consistent care, and harvest before frost. Happy gardening, and enjoy your homegrown jicama!